COURSE OUTLINE

pH & Buffers

• Introduction to pH: Explanation of what pH is, its significance, and the pH scale.
• Acids and Bases: Concepts of acids and bases, including definitions and examples.
• Buffer Solutions: Definition of buffer solutions and their role in maintaining pH stability.
• Buffer Capacity: Explanation of buffer capacity and factors that influence it.
• Common Buffer Systems: Overview of commonly used buffer systems in laboratories, such as phosphate, acetate, and Tris buffers.
• Preparation of Buffers: Steps to prepare buffer solutions and adjust their pH.
• Calculations Involving Buffers: Basic calculations for preparing buffers, including the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.
• pH Measurement: Techniques for measuring pH, including the use of pH meters and indicators.
• Applications of Buffers: Practical applications of buffers in various fields such as biology, chemistry, and medicine.
• Troubleshooting pH and Buffer Issues: Common problems encountered when working with pH and buffers, and how to resolve them.